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Agent 007, License to Kill (Dr. No)

On 31 December 1959, the creator of James Bond greets the early 60s going to the theater to watch a spy movie, Our Man in Havana (Our Man in Havana), based on the novel by Graham Greene. The day after Ian Fleming gives a BBC interview in which discussion of the film. Just two years later, the secret agent created by British writer transform the entire spy genre, creating the longest running series in film history and redefining the notion of global espionage. Why

007 becomes an icon of the decade?

The West in the 60's is looking for a new hero for a new generation and its ideology is in danger. After fifteen years of the Cold War, the idea that communism could really take root throughout the world. What the West needs is an icon that will defend its values, as they are complex and confusing. Is there someone who can bring order to chaos in the global world, thus breaking the Gordian knot of international politics?

Albert Broccoli To a person would. That person is James Bond.

In the spring of 1961, the Canadian producer Harry Saltzman acquires the rights to the film transpo

provisions of the novels of Ian Fleming. The agreement includes an option all titles already published and those to come. Fleming is provided in exchange for a percentage of revenue of the films. However assemble even a single film from the work of British writer proves more difficult than expected. Saltzman, in fact, can not find any investor. At the same time, the producer Albert Broccoli try to obtain the rights to literary novels by Fleming. When you are aware of the fact that its predecessor Saltzman is skeptical about what to do.

Having just co-produced by Irving Allen, Broccoli wants the exclusive rights of the books but Saltzman is adamant and refuses to sell them. At the end Broccoli agrees to enter into partnership with the Canadian co-production a movie. Together, the two flying in the U.S. and June 20, 1961 meeting Arthur Krim, president of United Artists. In less than an hour three to reach an agreement. United Artists will produce the first film in the series, Thunderball, for a budget of $ 1 million. Thunderball is therefore the first title chosen to inaugurate the exploits of the British spy film, Unfortunately, the novel is the subject of a lawsuit involving Kevin McClory, Jack Fleming Whittingam and the same. Years before Whittingam McClory and participated in drafting a screenplay, never produced for the screen. Fleming has since used the script to write a new novel without using the plot mention the two partners in the credits. It arose a controversy that blocks the title in the classrooms of the English courts. Saltzman and Broccoli pragmatically hijack their attention on Dr. No.

Producers are convinced that the film's director must be an Englishman. After contacting Gu

y Hamilton, Guy Green, Ken Hughes and Bryan Forbes, the choice falls on Terence Young, the aristocratic director, famous for its superfine tastes in fashion, food and beautiful women. Young loves to travel so that if you must choose between two projects, regardless of the artistic value of the script, rather than set in the most exotic.

Honeychile For the role of Ryder, the Bond girl in the film, Saltzman and Broccoli Scripture without the unknown specimen Ursula Andress, after seeing her in a picture which is portrayed in a wet t-shirt from which you can see the busty breasts. The Andress, then married to John Derek, is not interested in cinema and accepts the proposal of the producers after the energetic board of Kirk Douglas, a family friend.

In the role of Dr. No Ian Fleming, who was inspired by dr. Fu Manchu in describing it, he would like his cousin Christopher Lee but declined the invitation. Following Fleming's role in playwright Noel Coward, which responds with an author who became famous telegram: "Dr. No? No! No! No! ". At the end of the production back on Joseph Wiseman, Canadian-born actor with a theatrical experience important.

remains to make the most important choice, that of the protagonist.

Saltzman and Broccoli carry hundreds of auditions in search of the right face and eventually choose the unknown Sean Connery, after seeing him in no appreciable Danny O'Gill and the king of the elves. Connery is therefore called for a rapid test in which the interpreter, a native of Scotland, at first sight appears the antithesis of Bond. First of all, has a heavy accent of the north, which is incompatible with an impeccable English, is also rude in the way and walk, word of Broccoli, like a panther in the jungle. In its favor, however, has a strong masculinity, reinforced by a powerful physique. Connery has also just taken part in Miss Universe and was described by one of the men costume magazines with more sex appeal in the UK.

Women like a lot: the same Broccoli's wife, Dana, confirms this view flattering to her husband.

When Fleming is aware of the choice made by two manufacturers started. He imagined his Bond played by David Niven and Cary Grant, now faces an anonymous Scottish. Yet Terence Young succeeds in shaping of the actor, making stitch in Savile Row suits of impeccable cut and teaching them good manners. The first scene filmed

Connery as Bond from the Kingston airport is 16 January 1962, while the first sequence at Pinewood Studios was on 26 February of that year. On 30 March of that year culminating in the shooting.

In Kingston, Jamaica, the agent Strangways and his secretary are murdered by three shady characters. In London, the section of the MI6 British intelligence report to his boss M had no further news from his agent in the Caribbean. These, therefore, instructs James Bond (code 007, the double zero gives a license to kill the spy), to travel to Kingston to investigate.

Bond is a rough type, like gambling, women and is never separated from his Beretta in order. However one was injured in a mission and M orders him to replace the weapon with the most efficient Walter PPK.

arrived in Jamaica, the agent is now in trouble: a Chinese woman tries to photograph him at the airport and just get a fake driver tries (unsuccessfully) to get him out. Who went by the Governor of the island, Bond seeks guidance on friendships Strangways. He learns that he frequented a club that Professor Dent, a professional geologist. Strangways had asked the scientist to advise it on some stones are recovered in the small island of Crab Key, owned by the mysterious Dr. No, Bond discovers that on that character is also investigating the CIA with his agent Felix Leiter, Quarrel helped by a local fisherman. It is suspected, in fact, that from Dr. No island is able to interfere on the radio frequencies of American missiles, able to sabotage the launches from the U.S..

After narrowly escaping an assassination attempt (Dent, the pay of Dr. No, has slipped a tarantula in bed), Bond goes into action. He discovered that the rocks were found to be insignificant from the professor, they are actually radioactive. A second attempt to eliminate Bond by Dent, because of a brunette seduces the agent for his part, goes to empty. 007 eliminates cold-blooded Dent and decides to go to Crab Key, accompanied by Quarrel.

arrived on the indicator meets the attractive Honey Ryder, a shell fish. The trio is now being chased by the henchmen of Dr. No and after several adventures the three fugitives are blocked by a mechanical dragon that spits fire from its cannons. Quarrel dies while Bond and the girl were taken prisoners. Conducted in the headquarters of Dr. No, the two meet the commander in chief of the operations. It is a Sino German steel with two implants instead of hands in the service of SPECTRE (Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion), which is hollowed out to conquer the world. Bond upsets the plans of Dr. No and kills him after a confrontation in the operations center. After freed the girl, the agent leaves the island on board a lifeboat and the lair of Dr. No is destroyed by a terrifying explosion. The two lovers are eo n

found by a patrol of the United States controlled by a grateful Felix Leiter.

In addressing the first film adaptation of Fleming's books, screenwriters Richard Maibaum, Johanna Harwood, and Berkeley Mather, making an excellent job, improving the slender novel by Fleming.

The trio of authors of the book remains faithful to the plot, however, make some changes that reinforce the story. First, there is no mention in the film nor the pink flamingos, or trade of guano, two picturesque views of Fleming, however, that did not fit the main plot. He prefers instead to emphasize the subversive aspect of Dr. No and its danger to Western security. They then introduced two characters that enrich the narrative plot. One of these is the prof. Dent, the first antagonist with which the agent is to fight. The second is Felix Leiter, CIA agent present in many novels by Fleming but not in this.

The part of the film set in the island is fairly faithful to the pages of the novel, except for the final, made more compelling. In fact, the death of Dr. No, suffocated by a mountain of dung, you can not really define an original choice of Fleming. Here, by contrast, the villain is killed off after a desperate battle with Bond.

It is clear that this product has not yet reached the level of narrative and aesthetic perfection of Goldfinger, Terence Young, however, introduces the style of the saga, starting with titles by Maurice Binder, music from the famous theme by Monty Norman, beautifully orchestrated by John Barry. Then to appreciate the brilliant set design by Ken Adam, claustrophobic environments but also have some impressive (see the lair of Dr. No), typical of the productions bondiane below.

Agent 007, License to kill production remains a low budget but the script brilliantly mixes black humor and brutality, while the direction of Young has the advantage of exploiting the wild beauty of the exterior in the service of realism as effective as his protagonist.

Sean Connery is still pretty rough, close to the literary Bond seduces with a few jokes and he is a misogynist of great charm. Joseph Wiseman is a sophisticated and cruel Dr. No, the robotic movements and acting deliberately monotonous and inexpressive. Memorable then the presence of Ursula Andress (the film is dubbed by Nikki Van der Zyl) as Honeychile Ryder. His appearance on the beach has become an icon of cinema, even today remains inimitable, a hymn to busty and provocative beauty of the Bond girls.

preview of the film takes place one morning in September at the American headquarters of United Artists at 10 am. At noon, at the end of the show, distributors remain silent. Not at all convinced of the final comment: "In the end we will lose only 1 million dollars.." A much, in fact, total investment made to finance the first project in the series.

The world premiere of Agent 007, License to Kill is October 5, 1962 at the London Pavilion in Piccadilly Circus, in the presence of Sean Connery and Ian Fleming.

I snob the American distributors film (theatrical release in October of that year) and programming as the second title in the halls offering double the price of one show. Unexpectedly, the film is enjoying remarkable success worldwide, grossing more than $ 59 million.

The reaction of the press is good. The New York Times believes the film is extremely lively and fun, while Variety, prophetically wrote: "James Bond will not win the Oscar for sure but you're sure to find many, enthusiastic supporters ..."

TRIVIA

• Dr. No was chosen as the first film version because the novel had only one setting in Jamaica. This was a key element to contain costs.

• The dealer at the beginning of the film gives Bond Walter PPK is Major Boothroyd, better known by his codename, Q. On the next film (From Russia with love) will be the role played by Desmond Llewelyn.

• Eunice Gayson At first he had to play Moneypenny Lois Maxwell and Sylvia Trench but eventually the two exchanged roles.

• In Fleming's book, Bond Honeychile appears naked on the beach.

• Ursula Andress won the Golden Globe for Best Actress of the year.

• Beach Crab Key is where Ursula Andress is located in Ocho Rios, not far from the house of Fleming.

• Sean Connery had a tremendous fear of spiders. The sequence that sees a tarantula advance on his naked body was shot by Bond stunt man Bob Simmons.

• This is the only film in the saga that has no sequence before the opening credits.

• Stanley Kubrick was so impressed by the set design by Ken Adam to write Dr. Strangelove.

BAD

Dr. Julius No (Joseph Wiseman)

The classic example of a megalomaniac out to conquer the world. Prosthesis has two steel instead of hands and uses them unscrupulously.

Professor RJ Dent (Anthony Dawson)

A slippery double agent, ready to serve with diligence his master, of course, Dr. No.

THE BOND GIRLS

Sylvia Trench (Eunice Gayson)

baccarat is a passionate player and a fiery lover. Transfer immediately to the charm of 007.

Moneypenny (Lois Maxwell)

Secretary of M has a soft spot for James Bond. The agent does not reciprocated to raise a conflict of interest MI6.

Chile Honey Ryder (Ursula Andress)

What a spectacle it has entered the stage! Exits from the Caribbean waters as the Venus of Botticelli, arousing the admiration of infinite Bond that hums "Mango, Banana, Tangerine ..."

FRIENDS

Felix Leiter (Jack Lord)

With those sunglasses in the shape of a fly is irresistible. Tile Bond in the most dangerous mission, leaving it all to him.

Quarrel (John Kitzmiller)

The Toast of Jamaica has a sixth sense to warn of trouble. Unfortunately for him, James Bond does not listen.

Tools of the Trade

Walter PPK

replaces the beloved Beretta Bond but can be relied on when it's time to show its deadly characteristics.

Agent 007 License to Kill (Dr. No) (UK, 1962)

Length: 110 '

Produced by: Albert R. Broccoli, Harry Saltzman

Director: Terence Young

Screenplay: Richard Maibaum, Johanna Harwood, Berkely Mather (from the novel Dr. No by Ian Fleming)

Photography: Ted Moore

Production Designer: Ken Adam

Costumes: Tessa Pendergast

Music: Monty Norman, John Barry

Editor: Peter Hunt

Headlines: Maurice Binder

CAST James Bond: Sean Connery

Honeychile 'Honey' Ryder Ursula Andress

Dr. Julius No: Joseph Wiseman

Felix Leiter: Jack Lord

M: Bernard Lee

Professor R.J. Dent: Anthony Dawson

Miss Taro: Zena Marshall

Quarrel: John Kitzmiller

Sylvia Trench: Eunice Gayson

Miss Moneypenny: Lois Maxwell

Maggiore Geoffrey Boothroyd: Peter Burton

Sister Lily: Yvonne Shima

Sister Rose: Michel Mok

La fotografa, Annabelle Chung: Marguerite LeWars

Sovraintendente Duff: William Foster-Davis

Mary Trueblood: Dolores Keator

Jones (as Reginald Carter): Reggie Carter

Pleydell-Smith: Louis Blaazer

General Potter: Colonel Burton

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Congratulatory Wishes For Promotion

From Russia with Love

From Russia with Love (From Russia With Love)
First Edition: Glidrose, 1957
First Italian edition, Garzanti, 1965
translation: Enrico Cicogna
last edition, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006
Translation: Eva Kampman Bocchiola

"... we are here to find a target that meets our requirements. There is a hero in that 'organization? Someone who is admired and whose infamous killing would raise grief? myths are based on deeds and heroic people. The English do not have heroes? ...
was Colonel Nikitin dell'MGB to break the awkward silence. With hesitant voice said "There's a guy named Bond."

compliments Somerseth Maugham and Raymond Chandler to express Moonraker Fleming push to continue the exploits of his hero. A certain monotony and general fatigue to that character paper that has absorbed his energies over the years, convinced him of the need to conclude its work as a writer.
However, the expressions of esteem puts approaches to the saga again with renewed enthusiasm, determined to put more feeling in his typewriter (see John Pearson, The Life of Ian Fleming, Ed Garzanti, Milan, 1965).
His idea this time is to write one last Bond adventure in which the psychological aspects of light must prevail over those adventurous. In addition, he is determined to undermine the structure of the story with a frequency unusual narrative in which the antagonists must have more space than the protagonist, according to the golden rule of Alfred Hitchcock: The more successful the villain is more successful history.

From Russia with Love in the first hundred pages thus presents Bond's adversaries, including the serial killer Donovan Grant, Colonel Rosa Klebb wields SMERSH and the beautiful Russian spy Tatiana Romanova. They dell'MGB architect on behalf of Moscow a trap to eliminate 007. The elimination of the British spy, in fact, must provide a grim example of the efficiency of the Soviet secret service, this way of relieving his past failures in the international arena.
The choice of Russia as a rival to Bond is required. Fleming knows Russia, has worked as a correspondent, there has perfected the knowledge of known and beautiful girls.
The writer then was contacted by a mysterious Russian who has offered to give first-hand information on SMERSH, the organization that he has introduced in Casino Royale. Fleming accepts the offer and receiving a dossier of twenty thousand words. Much of the information, probably false, pass directly into the novel. As always the bad
Fleming are freaks, outcasts horrible the service of evil. Red Grant is an Irish psychopath who calms his death wishes in the service of the Soviet government, while Rosa Klebb wields, inspired by a certain Madame Rybkin, Fleming felt that the most powerful woman of international espionage, is a nasty lesbian, what is more sadistic . The exception to this pattern
Tatiana Romanova. The bait should drop into the trap Bond mortal dall'MGB prepared under a different stereotype Fleming: that of the pin up in office, destined to fall into the arms of Bond, "regardless", which takes place without a real seduction by our.
Looking for an exotic backdrop for the novel Fleming an opportunity to visit the Turkish capital with the deputy head of Scotland Yard, Sir Ronald Howe. Stay in the exotic city, a crossroads between East and West, strikes his imagination. The writer in Istanbul Kalkavan Nazim knows the owner, who had studied at Oxford, in some ways similar to Fleming in his will to live, eating, drinking and smoking binge. Kalkavan is a guide for him and provides the main inspiration for the character of Darko Kerim.
Ian made the journey back home on board the legendary Orient Express, which at the time was the following way: Istanbul - Thessaloniki - Belgrade - Venice - Milan - Lausanne - Paris. The experience is transfigured, with appropriate changes in the book.

As we said the first part of the novel is devoted to set up real adventure that takes off only one third of the book, specifically Chapter 11 ( Life idle) when you finally enter into scene our hero, depressed for over a year of inactivity. What's more, in terms of affective he is alone, downloaded by the American Tiffany Case, who had circuit in the previous chapter, Diamonds Are Forever.
"The arm fat ones of the idle life had taken Bond to the neck and they were slowly strangling. He was a man of war, when for a long period there were no wars to fight, his mood began to deteriorate. In his particular field of action for peace reigned for almost a year. And peace was killing him. "
then comes the call of about M, which gave him the task of a mission by the unusual contours. In Istanbul, the head of the local branch was contacted Darko Kerim dall'avvenente Russian Tatiana Romanova, which, in exchange for political asylum in that London has offered to hand over to the British Spektor decoder, coded messages Soviet. She placed one condition: she, in fact, is determined to deliver the precious instrument in the hands of James Bond. Tatiana fell in love with him by reading his profile drawn up by the services and wants to meet him. M for the request appears unlikely, however, Bond orders to go to Istanbul to follow closely the operation. In the Turkish capital
007 is received by Darko Kerim, a man full of resources, responsible for the protection of British. During his stay Darko Bond goes to an appointment with the head of local gypsies. Here are witnessing a fierce battle between two Gypsy in dispute for a man, and save your skin when a friend turkish commandos Bulgarian attempts on his life. That same evening
Bond is in the bed of his hotel room the beautiful Tatiana which is offered to him spontaneously. She wants to escape from Istanbul the next day, using the Orient Express, the train from the capital of Turkey through the Balkans, ending his race in Paris. The journey is long and extremely dangerous. Bond is accompanied by Darko Kerim, who lost his life during a scuffle with one of three Soviet agents who tailed them in train. Left alone, Bond asks for help from M. At the station in Trieste is contacted Nash's agent, a portly tipaccio and eyes as cold as ice. Bond is now believed to have an ally in the last stretch of road. In fact Nash is none other than Red Grant, Klebb wields the mandate to kill him. But we have a thick skin and after a violent struggle with the killer has the upper hand and can then travel to Paris to stop the Klebb wields. The latter, in the guise of an innocent lady, waiting for the arrival of Grant at the Ritz. When he realizes that his plan failed pounced on Bond and hits him with a stiletto hidden in the tip of one of his ankle. The blade is dipped in poison and 007 collapses at the feet of his friend Mathis fainting, maybe forever ...

From Russia with Love is built with expertise in the third act, even if it is unlikely that Grant before killing the British agent tells him the plan dell'MGB detail.
Beyond the incongruity of this book has a brisk pace, the debtor's direct experiences lived by Fleming during his trip to Istanbul.
reactions of critics to the novel are not as benign as hoped Fleming. He put all of himself in writing a novel, trying to give a better three-dimensionality to her character but the adverse reactions of some readers (Chandler in the first place) discourage him. Fleming concluded that he had committed an error: try to appear smarter than it actually is ...